Organic rechargeable batteries have received significant research interest from the viewpoints of structural diversity and sustainability. Prof. Yoshida and Assistant Prof. Shimizu designed core structures of organic cathode materials for lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries based on molecular orbital calculations, which indicated that six-membered cyclic 1,2-diketones serve as excellent core structures because of favorable coordination of the oxygen atoms to Li and the aromaticity of the reduced form. The Li-ion batteries composed of pyrene-4,5,9,10-tetraone, which has two six-membered cyclic 1,2-diketone units, bound to polymethacrylate exhibit remarkable charge-discharge properties with a high specific capacity, excellent rechargeability (500 cycles), and fast charge-discharge ability.